THE CEREMONY

From Our Own Correspondent On Sunday, one month after the day on which Pius XI would have celebrated the 17th anniversary of his coronation, his successor will be solemnly crowned on the balcony of St. Peter's, the Vatican Radio announced on Tuesday night.
At 7.30 a.m. the Pope will make his solemn entrance into the Basilica.
He should be met at the entrance by the archpriest of St. Peter's, but, as Cardinal Pacelli was the archpriest, his place will be taken by the assistant archpriest.
The members of the chapter of the Basilica come to pay their respects to the Pope. There is a short address by the assistant archpriest, the canons make a reverence, and the procession passes up the aisle to the chapel of the Blessed Sacrament.
All the Cardinals and bishops pay reverence to the Vicar of Christ. None is chanted, and the procession goes on to the High Altar for the Coronation Mass.
This will begin about 9.0 G.M.T. and last till about 12.
Then comes the placing of the tiara on the new Pope's head. This last ceremony will take place—for the first time in the history of St. Peter's—on the central balcony overlooking the famous square.
Mr Harman Grisewood, Catholic Director of the B.B.C., who talked to England from Rome on the evening of the election. is hoping to have all arrangements completed in time for a full commentary on behalf of the B.B.C.
The Tiara
The tiara is the distinctive symbol of the supreme power of the Vicar of Christ. To-day its form is cylindrical, closed at the top, surrounded by three crowns and surmounted by a small globe bearing the cross.
The tiara had not always the same shape. It is the result of uniting the mitre with the royal crown to signify the spiritual and temporal power of the Popes. This interpretation is based on the sermon of Innocent HI, in which he said: " The Church gave me the crown as a sign of the temporal power and the mitre as a sign of the spiritual."
But the history of the Roman tiara is not clear. In the eleventh century it had only one crown. Some historians place its first use in Rome in the eighth century under the Pontificate of Leo III The second crown was inserted at the time of Boniface VIII, and Benedict X added the third. Since that time the tiara has also been called the " three crowns."
The Roman Ceremonial prescribes the use of the tiara on the part of the Pope when entering and leaving the Basilica, whilst in the sacredfunctions the use of the mitre is laid down.