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Meanwhile, in other parts of Rome, the biglietti were being carried to different groups of Cardinals where similar ceremonies were enacted.
In the hall of the Hundred Days, so-called because the frescoes in it took a hundred days to paint, as it happens, exactly 4,000 years ago, the four new American Cardinals, Mgr. Glennon, Mgr. Mooney, Mgr, Suitch. and Mgr. Spellman received their biglietti. There was a slight misunderstanding when the Papal herald, Fr. Gilligan, an American priest, was going to hand over t.hc messages to all the new Cardinals together. lie was told by the Master of Ceremonies that each had to receive his separately. The crowd was so large and there was so much excitement that for a moment there was some confusion.
Archbishop Glennon spoke on behalt of the four new Cardinals, emphasising, like Cardinal Griffin, the fight in the world to-day between the faithful and the faithless and looking to the Pope as friend and leader. A similar theme was in Cardinal Spellman's address which had been handed to the Press but which in the end was not delivered owing to a change of plans.
In the Palace of the Propagancia Fide, where some MO Chinese clergy were present, the first Chinese Cardinal, Mgr. Tien, received his higlletto.
At the ceremony, Mgr. Costantini, Secretary of the Propaganda Fide, made a speech in Chinese. A delegation sent by General Chiang Kai-Shek was present Cardinal Agagianian, Patriarch of Cilicia of the Armenians and, as patriarch, the sertioi new cardinal. received his biglietto in the presence of repiesentatives of all the Eastern Patriachs in communion with Rome The new Cardinal in his Eastern robes expressed the wish in his speech that the whole Orient should return to union with the Holy See.
Cardinal Rodriguez, Archbishop of Santiago, Chile, received his biglietto in bed, as he was suffering from influenza. lie was afterwards taken to hospital.
The Spanish ceremony was marked by tributes paid to General Franco. Cardinal Pla-y-Deniel expressed his profound thanks to the Head of the Spanish State for having saved Spain in moments of chaos and ruin. He prayed for the dispersion of the clouds which threaten to darken his country's future, and emphasised that Spain's
behaviour during the war was throughout directed to doing the greatest good towards all nations and was free front all territorial ambitions.
The ceremony for the German Cardinals took place in the Mother House of the Salvatorian Fathers
"I belong to a nation which i.s reproached for having in the past years plunged almost the whole world in unspeakable series. Nevertheless the Holy Father has graciously elevated three German bishops to the Sacred Purple. The Common Father of the nations knows his children. Ile well knows that the German bishmos never gave their consent to the unhealthy doctrines and fatal aspirations of their rulers. Ile knows together with great numbers of their compatriots the bishops fought these disastrous doctrines with their whole strength."
When the Holy Father, in the presence of the already created Cardinals nominated the new members of the Sacred College in the Hall of the Consistory, he spoke in Latin.
Pointing out how the nomination of Cardinals from five tontinents illustrated the universality of the church which does not belong to any one race, people or nation, the Pope explained why the creation of new Cardinals had to he delayed through war "To-day," he said, " the conflict has ceased, though peace does not yet shine upon weary and worried humanity." He expressed his great joy at being able now to confer the majesty of the Roman purple upon men greatly deserving both of the Catholic Church and their own country.